E-cikai
Past Papers Solutions
Basic Electronics

Institute of Engineering
Tribhuwan University, Nepal
Basic Electronics Engineering
Chapter-1. Basic Circuits Concepts

1.1 Components

1.1.a Passive Components

A circuit component which is unable to control the flow of electrical energy using any sort of electrical means is called a passive component.

Energy flow in passive components
Passive components lack internal mechanism to contol flow of energy through it.

Examples of passive components are:-
Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors, Transformers, PN Junction diode.

Salient features of passive components:-
• Dissipate or store energy.
• Two terminals devices except transformer.
• Made from either conductor or semi-conductor or insulator.
• Linear characteristics except PN junction diode.



1.1.b Active Components

A circuit component which is able to control the flow of electrical energy using some electrical means is called an active component.

Energy flow in active components
Active components can control flow of energy through it.

Examples of active components are:-
BJT, FET, DIAC, TRIAC, Op-Amp, IC et cetera.

Salient features of active components:-
• Control or amplify energy flow.
• Three or more terminals devices.
• Made from semi-conductor.
• Non-linear characteristics.




IEC Color Code

Mnemonics to memorize order of color:- Sir Gold Black, BRO , Your Grandpa Began Very Great Works.

ColorNameSignificant
Number		MultiplierTolerance[%]
     Silver - 10-2 ±10
     Gold - 10-1 ±5
     Black 0 100 -
     Brown 1 101 ±1
     Red 2 102 ±2
     Orange 3 103 ±0.05
     Yellow 4 104 ±0.02
     Green 5 105 ±0.5
     Blue 6 106 ±0.25
     Violet 7 107 ±0.1
     Grey 8 108 ±0.01
     White 9 109 -